It is easier and recommended to just use the theme options up until the point where it’s required to use a child theme based on requests. For #1, it’ll be necessary to use a child theme for this part:
“…I’d like the phone number, email and facebook and twitter icons to be a little larger and below the ‘All Dogs…’ text.”
If that bit is not extremely important and can be compromised you can avoid needing a child theme.
3. Is this what you had in mind?:
.entry-content p {
background: #cab1e2;
border-radius: 5px;
font-family: Aclonica;
font-size: 16px;
padding: 2%;
}Looking at http://www.blessedfurever.com/?page_id=80, there are two things we can do here to fill out the page:
a. Edit the page and change the page template the no sidebar template.
or
b. Under Appearance > Widgets add some widgets to the sidebar area.
Bonus: Go to Settings > Reading and select “Post name” and save. http://www.blessedfurever.com/?page_id=80 will now appear much more nicely as http://www.blessedfurever.com/about-us/.